Constipation

A person suffering from constipation may exhibit the following signs and symptoms:

Few bowel movements – less than three per week
Difficulty in passing stool
Painful and strenuous bowel movement
Hard, dry or lumpy stools appearing like rocks and pebbles
Uneasiness and abdominal pain
A feeling of incomplete emptying and fullness
Bloating

If an individual experiences one or more of these symptoms, constipation may be considered chronic. The risk factors for chronic constipation include age, gender, quantity of water intake, eating habits, activity levels, and medications.

Causes of Constipation

Constipation has many possible causes ranging from poor diet to more severe disorders. The most common factors triggering constipation include:

Eating an unhealthy and low fiber diet
Less water intake and dehydration
Sedentary lifestyle
Certain medications and dietary supplements
Overuse or misuse of laxatives and other drugs
Clinical conditions like:
Blockages in the colon or rectum
Neurological problems with the nerves around the colon and rectum
Weak pelvic muscles or associated disorders
Hormonal fluctuations
Long-term conditions like diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism or hypothyroidism
Pregnancy
Gastrointestinal disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Mental conditions like stress or eating disorder

Need for Medical Interventions

It is advisable to visit a doctor in case of unexplained and significant changes in bowel habits. Healthcare experts recommend seeking medical advice if one experiences prolonged symptom associated with one or more of the following conditions:

Constipation that lasted for more than two weeks
Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
Persistent and chronic pain in the abdomen
Severe pain during bowel movement
A drastic change in size, shape, and consistency of the stool
Unexplained weight loss
A sudden change in bowel movements
Vomiting
Fever

The healthcare professional may carry out certain tests to diagnose chronic clinical conditions, such as colorectal cancer or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Diagnosis and Treatment

Most cases of constipation are mild and can be treated easily by dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, and exercise. However, chronic patients need proper diagnosis and suitable medical intervention as they may be indicative of underlying disease. The diagnostic procedure for constipation includes:

Analyzing the clinical and medicinal history
Assessing the symptoms and determining their severity
Conducting physical examination, including a rectal exam
Blood tests
Additional tests to identify the cause of the symptoms such as:
Colorectal Transit Study - to test how food is moving through the colon.
Anorectal Manometry - to evaluate anal muscle function.
Colonoscopy - for inspecting the colon internally
Barium Enema X-ray – for detailed examination of the colon and related internal structures.

The core treatment strategy to relieve constipation involves dietary modification and lifestyle measures. The general dietary recommendations to treat constipation include:

Drink 1.5 to 2 quarts of fluids every day.
Limit consumption of low-fiber food, alcohol, and caffeinated drinks.
Add fiber-rich foods to the diet, ensuring a daily intake of 20 and 35 grams.

In addition, lifestyle interventions like physical activity may help alleviate the symptoms. Doctors recommend carrying out at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise every week, aiming for 30 minutes daily at least five days per week. However, the physical activity level may vary depending on the age, gender, and clinical condition of the individual.

Getting bowel training to ensure passing stool 15 to 45 minutes after breakfast each day is another successful strategy to relieve the symptoms of constipation. In cases where home remedies are not effective, an over-the-counter laxative may be administered under medical supervision. These may include:

Fiber supplements
Osmotic agents, such as polyethylene glycol solution, milk of magnesia, etc.
Stool softeners
Lubricants, such as mineral oil
Stimulants

For chronic constipation, the healthcare provider may introduce prescription drugs to treat the condition. Other treatment strategies generally employed for chronic constipation may include:

Biofeedback therapy to retrain the muscles
Enema to empty the abdomen
Manual removal of feces to provide relief
Surgery to remove any blockage

Tips for Prevention of Constipation

Eat a balanced diet and include plenty of high-fiber foods in each meal.
Reduce the intake of processed foods and dairy and meat products.
Drink plenty of fluids like lemon water, coconut water, etc.
Keep yourself hydrated by increasing your water intake.
Stay active and do regular exercise.
Manage your stress and stay happy
Don't ignore the urge to pass stool.
Create a regular schedule for bowel movements.
For bowel sensitivity, avoid high-fructose fruits as they can cause gas (apples, pears, and watermelon)
Take probiotic supplements, if necessary.

Understanding and Managing Constipation in Children

Constipation in children is a common concern that can cause discomfort and worry for both the child and their parents. Identifying the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing how to effectively manage and prevent constipation can help ensure your child maintains a healthy digestive system. This blog explores the various aspects of constipation in children and provides practical tips for parents.

What is Constipation in Children ?

Constipation in children is defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week, with stools that are often hard, dry, and difficult to pass. It can also involve painful bowel movements and a feeling of incomplete evacuation.

Causes of Constipation in Children

Several factors can contribute to constipation in children, including:

Dietary Factors: A diet low in fiber and high in processed foods can lead to constipation.
Insufficient water intake can also contribute.
Toilet Training: Children who are learning to use the toilet may sometimes hold in their stools, leading to constipation.
Changes in Routine: Changes in diet, travel, or starting school can disrupt a child’s regular bowel habits.
Lack of Physical Activity: Physical activity helps stimulate digestion, and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to constipation.
Emotional Factors: Stress, anxiety, and changes in the child’s environment can affect bowel movements.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, celiac disease, and some neurological disorders, can cause constipation.

Symptoms of Constipation in Children

Infrequent bowel movements
Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
Straining or pain during bowel movements
Abdominal pain or bloating
A feeling of incomplete evacuation
Traces of liquid or pasty stool in the child’s underwear (a sign of stool backing up in the rectum)

Effective Management and Prevention

Dietary Changes:

Increase Fiber Intake: Include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes in your child’s diet. Foods like apples, pears, prunes, broccoli, and oatmeal are high in fiber.
Encourage Hydration: Ensure your child drinks plenty of water throughout the day. Fluids help soften stools and promote regular bowel movements.
Limit Processed Foods: Reduce the intake of processed and high-fat foods that can exacerbate constipation.

Encourage Regular Physical Activity:

Physical activity helps stimulate bowel function. Encourage your child to play outside, participate in sports, or engage in other active play.

Establish a Routine:

Regular Meal Times: Eating at consistent times can help regulate your child’s digestive system.
Scheduled Toilet Times: Encourage your child to sit on the toilet at regular times each day, especially after meals, to establish a routine.

Positive Toilet Training:

Make toilet training a positive experience. Avoid pressure or punishment, and praise your child for their efforts.

Use of Over-the-Counter Remedies:

Laxatives and Stool Softeners: Use these only under the guidance of a healthcare professional. They can be helpful for short-term relief but should not be relied on long-term without medical advice.

Natural Remedies

Several natural remedies can help alleviate constipation in children:

Prune Juice: Prune juice is a natural laxative and can help soften stools. Dilute it with water if the taste is too strong for your child.
Flaxseed: Ground flaxseed can be added to cereals, yogurt, or smoothies to increase fiber intake.
Probiotics: Yogurt and other probiotic-rich foods can help maintain a healthy gut flora, promoting regular bowel movements.

When to Seek Medical Help

While most cases of constipation in children can be managed at home, certain symptoms require medical attention:

Persistent constipation despite dietary and lifestyle changes
Severe abdominal pain
Blood in the stool
Vomiting
Unexplained weight loss
A sudden change in bowel habits

Conclusion

Constipation in children is a common issue that can often be managed with simple dietary and lifestyle changes. By ensuring a balanced diet rich in fiber, encouraging regular physical activity, and establishing consistent routines, you can help your child maintain regular bowel movements and improve their overall digestive health. Understanding the causes and symptoms of constipation, and knowing when to seek medical help, can empower you to take proactive steps in managing your child’s digestive health effectively. With the right approach, you can help your child overcome constipation and enjoy a healthier, more comfortable life.